The UNDP is the United Nations’ lead agency on international development, working in over 170 countries to eradicate poverty, reduce inequality, and promote sustainable human development.

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The 107th anniversary of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, which was one of the landmark events in the Indian struggle of independence, is April 13, 2026. British Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer issued orders to have troops shoot at thousands of unarmed Indians at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar, Punjab, on April 13, 1919. The incident is regarded as one of the most obscure periods in the history of colonization, which changed the Indian independence movement and strengthened the will to resist the British rule.

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Advanced biomass cookstoves are significantly cheaper but less clean than LPG. Although they are a sustainable substitute when there is an LPG crisis, as they can use renewable energy sources such as firewood or pellets to generate energy in a more efficient way, they are not yet able to compete with the levels of ultra-low emissions of gas.

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Staying updated with current events is an important aspect of civil services preparation, since it assists the aspirants to relate the statical concepts to real life events. Analytical skill and the development of better answers are developed with consistent reading of newspapers, reports by the government and reliable online publications. It also improves knowledge on national and international matters which is vital in both Prelims and Mains.

Consistency, smart note-making and frequent revision are key to ias current affairs preparation. The aspirants must target such vital issues as government schemes, international relations, economy, environment, and science and technology. Monthly summaries, daily quizzes and writing practice in answers can be a significant contribution to the retention and application of knowledge.

A systematic method, and a good study material, will guarantee increased clarity and confidence. The key to the exam consists in integrating the current affairs with the UPSC syllabus.

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Science and technology have been incorporated in the civil services examination, and science and technology notes in UPSC are inevitable for all serious aspirants. The topic has an extensive scope of space technology, biotechnology, information technology, artificial intelligence, robotics, nanotechnology and defense developments. A clear idea of these topics makes the aspirants approach both the prelims and the mains questions with confidence. Organized notes would make difficult scientific ideas easier and connect them with contemporary events, thus making learning easier and quicker in revision.

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